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When you chroot into another root partition (another distro on /dev/sda8, or a machine you just cloned with rsync into /var/clone/), you can't really do anything useful because no device is created. Some crucial files and directories need to be borrowed from the "host" (live|running) system, you can do this with the following commands (thanks to drmagoo for this tip).
If you are chrooting into a cloned machine in your /target/ directory :
mount --bind /dev /target/dev mount --bind /proc /target/proc # This one is needed for ssh access mount --bind /dev/pts /target/dev/pts mount --bind /sys /target/sys chroot /target
Now most commands should work. Make sure though that files belong to the good owner. Use rsync –no-numeric-ids if necessary when cloning a machine.
If you are accessing another distribution in some partition you only need to bind /dev/ from your live system then create /proc and /sys after you have chrooted to the other root partition
mount -o bind /dev/ /target/dev chroot /target mount -t proc proc /proc mount -t sysfs sys /sys
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